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Europe                                                                                         German y

         Rates prior to unification of Germany were regulated under the German Postal Union of 1850-1866, a 6d rate from UK
         paid to destination established 1 May, 1860.  orth German Confederation and Final  ni.fi.cation 1867-1872, a closed
         mail rate of 3d established 3 June, 1872  reduced to 2Yzd on 1 Jul  , 1875 upon joining the GP  .







                                                                                                                6d paid


              Paid letter from Leith
     Leith six bar duplex obliterator   "
       routing via London to Ostend
               London circular PD.
              5 September London
            7 September Hamburg.












                                                        To Hamburg, 3 September, 1864 - 5 da  s
                                  Order for beef and pork, "Holstein  same a  last  ent, hams not nwre than 1  ta 1  lb  ."



                       ..  ::e   $2-.A,t   ,



                         . #,>,   .y·.1                                                                    3d paid
                          ,, L,   .~  ~1>
                      . : ~~.:_~_.,,~~-



                       ~ ,  '...              .  ,!  ,  .  ?  _,,_-,<.' #~-~':4-i

                                                                             ;';
                                                                            i/












                                               To Hanover, 3 December, 1872 -4 days

                    3d paid from Glasgow, 4 December London. London oval PD marking.  6 December receiver
                    for delivery in Hanover.


              Trade between Germany and Scotland expanded with tariffs removed and improved transit, typicat four or five days.
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